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The Muley Jat, or sometimes pronounced as Mola/Mula Jat, are a community of Jats found mainly in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India, and the province of Punjab in Pakistan. They are predominantly Muslim. The Muslim Muley Jats are converts from the Hindu Jat community of North India who converted to Islam during the Muslim rule, but not every Muslim convert is referred to as a Muley, the term being restricted to those Jats who inhabit western Uttar Pradesh and were once found in Haryana, and speak dialects of Urdu and Hindi such as Haryanvi and Khari boli. Those Muley Jat who inhabited the state of Haryana moved ''en masse'' to Pakistan, after the partition of India.〔A Glossary of the tribes and Castes of Punjab by H. A Rose page 136〕 == Origin == The term ''mulla'' refers to Muslim converts from the Jat tribe, who were historically found in Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh. There is controversy as to the exact circumstances of their conversion to Islam, which are unclear. It is believed that many Jats were influenced by the Sufi traditions of Fariduddin Ganjshakar during the 11th and 12th century, but modern textbooks claim the conversions to have taken place in the 15th and 16th centuries, during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Akbar. The Muley Jat can be roughly divided into two sub-groups, divided by the Yamuna river. Those to the west of the river remained as pastoralists much longer and had much in common with neighbouring Muslim Rajput and Muslim Gujjar communities. The partition of India further divided these two groups, with the trans Yamuna Mulley Jat emigrating to Pakistan, while those living east of the Yamuna river of the Doab remaining in India. However, the Muley Jats still have many customs that are similar to the Hindu Jat community, maybe because these are Jat rituals, not Hindu. For instance, both communities observe the custom of the pagri rasam ritual, which consecrates a new head of a family, lineage or clan. The worship of Goga Pir, a local saint, is common among both communities, in remembrance of ancestors. But like other Sunni Muslim communities in western Uttar Pradesh, they have been influenced by the reformist Deobandi sect of Sunni Islam, as the famous seminary of Deoband is located in the Ranghar heartland. Muley Jats are also in Pakistan; some immigrated after partition and some were already residing there.〔pages 25 to 27 in The political system of the Jats of Northern India by M. C. Pradhan Bombay : Oxford University Press, Indian Branch, 1966〕 They were Hindus earlier, but they more strictly follow Islam than their Muslim brothers. They comprise a large number of dispersed intermarrying clans, known as gotras. These exogamous groups are made up of myriad landholding patrilineages of varying genealogical depth, ritual, and social status sometimes also called biradaries or brotherhoods scattered in the various districts of western Uttar Pradesh. The biradari, or lineage, is one of the principal points of reference for the Mulley Jats, and all biradaris claim descent from a common ancestor. Historically the Muley Jat also belonged to the khaps, who comprised a number of biradaries, and marriages within the khap were not allowed, but this is no longer practiced.〔Rivalry and Brotherhood Politics in the Life of Farmers in North India by Dipankar Gupta Oxford India ISBN 978-0-19-564101-1〕 The most prominent gotras of the Jat community are the Khokhars, Chauhan, and Rana. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Muley Jats」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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